雅思聽(tīng)力如何達(dá)到8分以上?
來(lái)源:好上學(xué) ??時(shí)間:2023-08-09
很多學(xué)生在被英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力“虐了千百遍”后,再也找不到“待它如初戀”的感覺(jué),開(kāi)始病急亂投醫(yī)。具體表現(xiàn)為什么都想聽(tīng),下了很多聽(tīng)力材料在*、MP4里,走在路上、坐在車(chē)上、吃飯的時(shí)候、睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候,耳朵里都塞著耳機(jī),聽(tīng)著聽(tīng)力??此品浅EΓ瑢?shí)則效果非常低。
雷軍說(shuō)過(guò)一句話,永遠(yuǎn)不要用戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的勤奮去掩蓋戰(zhàn)略上的懶惰,說(shuō)的就是這個(gè)意思。你看起來(lái)十分努力,每天堅(jiān)持戴著耳機(jī)好幾個(gè)小時(shí),可最后發(fā)現(xiàn)別人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,你還是聽(tīng)不懂,在做聽(tīng)力試題的時(shí)候,還是ABCD亂選……
對(duì)于正在備考雅思聽(tīng)力的同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō),精聽(tīng)和泛聽(tīng)是聽(tīng)力中兩大最常見(jiàn)的詞,是治標(biāo)也治本的訓(xùn)練方法。相信各大機(jī)構(gòu)各種老師已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)遍洗腦,但是泛聽(tīng)和精聽(tīng)到底是什么?今天,我們就從根本上進(jìn)行一個(gè)深入的剖析。
首先,何謂泛聽(tīng)和精聽(tīng)?
A:泛聽(tīng),即對(duì)聽(tīng)力原文作通篇大意地聽(tīng)取,重點(diǎn)在文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨大意。如果是有足夠時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備考試的考生,比如有一年半載的時(shí)間,那么可以選擇聽(tīng)BBC、VOA,看英劇、美劇都可以。但如果時(shí)間考試緊迫,只有不到四五個(gè)月的時(shí)間,那么看電影、聽(tīng)新聞就已經(jīng)不是重點(diǎn)了。
B:精聽(tīng),針對(duì)某個(gè)句群或者段落,做具體信息的甄別與記錄。如果說(shuō)泛聽(tīng)就像電視廣告一樣不厭其煩地對(duì)你的潛意識(shí)進(jìn)行*,那么精聽(tīng)就是刻意對(duì)大腦記憶的訓(xùn)練了。這個(gè)過(guò)程不像泛聽(tīng)那么愜意和隨性,有的學(xué)生也提出說(shuō)自己回去也聽(tīng)了,很辛苦,但是總是不見(jiàn)效果。
有“實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)”的同學(xué)都會(huì)知道,過(guò)渡段需要泛聽(tīng)的方式去聽(tīng),保證節(jié)奏的穩(wěn)定和對(duì)于答案的初步定位,避免浪費(fèi)精力;而答案所在的句群則要用精聽(tīng)的方式去獲取最終的答案信息。
究竟精聽(tīng)是“聽(tīng)”些什么呢?
1.某些英語(yǔ)單詞的弱讀。比如介詞of,它的音標(biāo)是[ov](o=hot中間的那個(gè)元音),但它通常被弱化成[ev](e=maker的第二個(gè)元音),有時(shí)甚至被弱化成[v]或[f],你在“精聽(tīng)”一條新聞時(shí),一定要把所有的弱讀單詞聽(tīng)出來(lái)。
2.某些英語(yǔ)單詞的連讀。比如你在“精聽(tīng)”一條新聞時(shí),聽(tīng)到一個(gè)生詞,發(fā)音好象是notatal,不像是外國(guó)的人名、地名,而且《英漢詞典》中也查不到,這時(shí),你就應(yīng)當(dāng)想到,它很可能是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)單詞的連讀,按照這個(gè)思路,你應(yīng)當(dāng)猜出它是not at all。
3.某些單音節(jié)、多音節(jié)的英語(yǔ)單詞,比如foreign、minister、immigration等,由于音節(jié)多,很容易聽(tīng)出來(lái),比較麻煩的是那些單音節(jié)單詞,比如did、was、him等,只有一個(gè)音節(jié),發(fā)音時(shí)間短促,很容易被忽略,因此在“精聽(tīng)”一條新聞時(shí),一定要重點(diǎn)識(shí)別這些單音節(jié)單詞。
4.單詞與頭腦的同步。弱讀、連讀、單音節(jié)單詞這三個(gè)問(wèn)題解決之后,最后的問(wèn)題就是“單詞與頭腦的同步”,也就是你每聽(tīng)到一個(gè)單詞,頭腦中必須馬上想到這個(gè)單詞的中文意思,比如聽(tīng)到Russia,馬上想到“俄國(guó)”,聽(tīng)到president,馬上想到“總統(tǒng)”,聽(tīng)到visit,馬上想到“訪問(wèn)”,等等。
如何一招搞定雅思聽(tīng)力,輕松完成精聽(tīng)&泛聽(tīng)的訓(xùn)練?
分步驟來(lái)說(shuō),第一步就是要讀題,標(biāo)出問(wèn)題中以及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞是幫助你locate(定位),選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞則是幫助你judge(判定)。問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞選擇順序基本上遵循:名詞>動(dòng)詞>形容詞/副詞。選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞順序則是:名詞>形容詞/副詞>動(dòng)詞。
讀題步驟完成以后,接下來(lái)就是泛聽(tīng)環(huán)節(jié),由于人能夠保持精力高度集中的時(shí)間是有限的,泛聽(tīng)的目的就是避免浪費(fèi)精力。泛聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中,要去尋找上一環(huán)節(jié)(讀題環(huán)節(jié))中印在腦海里的關(guān)鍵詞,一旦聽(tīng)到的詞語(yǔ)和腦海中記下的詞語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了碰撞,就要提高警惕,隨即切換模式,進(jìn)入精聽(tīng)狀態(tài),高度集中精力仔細(xì)聽(tīng)關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)前后的句群。因?yàn)榇鸢敢话愫芸炀蜁?huì)給出。
這個(gè)時(shí)候,如果短期記憶能力有足夠的訓(xùn)練,是可以做到聽(tīng)到答案的同時(shí)完成選項(xiàng)的判別的,即排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)分為兩類(lèi):明顯與文本抵觸的信息(false information),和文本中未明確說(shuō)明的信息(NG/indirect information)。
如果實(shí)在不能做到精聽(tīng)答案句群的同時(shí)判定答案,則需要記下精聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然,經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練,大部分同學(xué)都是可以做到前者的,即精聽(tīng)句群的同時(shí)就完成答案的判定。
最后,聽(tīng)出了答案,大部分同學(xué)都覺(jué)得完成了考試。但是著眼于備考訓(xùn)練的目的,還要對(duì)聽(tīng)力文本類(lèi)似于閱讀文本式的分析,包括文字的行文結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系等。掌握聽(tīng)力文本的logical relation/passage flow,從而站在考官/出題者的立場(chǎng)上分析聽(tīng)力文章,為下一次如何做泛聽(tīng)、精聽(tīng)的切換積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。久而久之,泛聽(tīng)、精聽(tīng)的切換就會(huì)變得游刃有余,融會(huì)貫通。最終達(dá)到主動(dòng)駕馭聽(tīng)力文本的境界,能夠主動(dòng)感應(yīng)/預(yù)測(cè)到答案即將出現(xiàn),而不是被聽(tīng)力音頻牽著鼻子走,被動(dòng)地等到答案錯(cuò)過(guò)了再去回憶、掙扎。
下面,我們?cè)賮?lái)看一些劍橋雅思真題分析。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:劍橋8Test3Section4單選題
Q31.Compared to introducing new business processes,attempts to copy existing processes are
A.more attractive
B.more frequent
C.more straightforward
“copy existing processes“是關(guān)鍵詞(定位詞)。
1.Good morning,everyone.In the last few lectures I've been dealing with business finance,but now I'm going to move on to business systems.And in today's lecture I'm going to talk about what can go wrong when businesses try to copy their own best practices.
第一段intro部分聽(tīng)完,有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的考生立馬可以get到如下信息:
-Format:Lecture/monologue
-General Topic:business systems(呼應(yīng)在讀題環(huán)節(jié)已經(jīng)獲得的主題信息)
-How to listen:這一部分是講座的intro部分,應(yīng)該采取泛聽(tīng)策略,過(guò)程中要隨時(shí)留意關(guān)鍵詞/定位詞的出現(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵詞為:copy existing processes。
2.Once a business has successfully introduced a new process聽(tīng)到該段第一句話,考生可以靈敏地感受到,intro部分已經(jīng)結(jié)束,進(jìn)入了下一個(gè)主題。
…-managing a branch bank,say,or selling a new product,the parent organisation naturally wants to repeat that success,and capture it if possible on a bigger scale.The goal,then,is to utilise existing knowledge and not to generate new knowledge.考生在讀題的時(shí)候,應(yīng)做到已經(jīng)將第一題題目中的“copy existing system”作為關(guān)鍵詞,印在了腦子里。文本聽(tīng)到這里的時(shí)候,就會(huì)明顯知道,這一部分是對(duì)于copy existing system舉出了一些具體的例子,這一部分是應(yīng)該泛聽(tīng)的。要聽(tīng)的是作者對(duì)于“copy existing system”這一做法的態(tài)度。
…It's a less glamorous activity than pure innovation,but it actually happens more often,as a matter of fact.However,surprisingly,getting things right the second time is not necessarily any simpler than it was the first time.隨后文章中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)內(nèi)部小轉(zhuǎn)折和大轉(zhuǎn)折。小轉(zhuǎn)折之后就給出了答案:“it actually happens more often”。轉(zhuǎn)折詞的重要性和同意替換技巧(happens more often同意替換frequent),在這里都用到了。
Q32.Most research into the repetition of success in business has
A.been done outside the United States.
B.produced consistent findings.
C.related to only a few contexts
讀題環(huán)節(jié),已經(jīng)確定了關(guān)鍵詞為:research,repetition
1.Now,there's been a lot of research into how companies can repeat their previous successes,首句是transitional sentence,考生應(yīng)可以明顯感知。聽(tīng)到這里,就應(yīng)該知曉,已經(jīng)進(jìn)行到了下一題。同時(shí),research、repeat等關(guān)鍵詞的出現(xiàn),也驗(yàn)證了自己的節(jié)奏是正確的。這里,也做了一個(gè)小的關(guān)鍵詞詞性替換,即repetition和repeat之間的替換。
…and it certainly hasn't been confined to the United States.接收到了關(guān)鍵詞,就立馬進(jìn)入精聽(tīng)模式,接下來(lái)的幾句話依次提到了選項(xiàng)。It seems that most large industries are trying to repeat their own successes,and manage the knowledge they've acquired-but even so it has been shown that the overwhelming majority of attempts fail.讀題的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該知道,選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有針對(duì)這一做法成功還是失敗的表述。所以這一部分應(yīng)該做泛聽(tīng)。A host of studies confirm this,covering a wide range of business settings。B選項(xiàng)作為正確答案,也用到了同意替換?!癆 host of studies confirm this”同意替換”produced consistent findings”。該同意替換是語(yǔ)意類(lèi)的替換,有一定難度?!璪ranch banks,retail stores,real estate agencies,factories,call centres...to name but a few.這一部分是不同business setting的舉例,應(yīng)該做泛聽(tīng)。選項(xiàng)A和C都是明顯與原文抵觸的。
Q33.What does the speaker say about consulting experts?
A.Too few managers ever do it.
B.It can be useful in certain circumstances.
C.Experts are sometimes unwilling to give advice.
讀題的時(shí)候就要明確,題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是“expert”,而且問(wèn)的是作者的態(tài)度。
2.So why do so few managers get things right the second or third time?Let's consider one reason for failure-placing too much trust in the people who are running the successful operation,the'experts'shall we say.Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert,such as the person who designed and is running a successful department store-and picking their brains.
這一部分是描述部分,解釋了the role and function of an expert,而非作者的態(tài)度,所以這部分應(yīng)做泛聽(tīng)。Now,this approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system,or understand *aller,isolated problems.這里就出現(xiàn)了作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度?!皃articular“同意替換”certain“。
…The trouble is,even the expert doesn't fully grasp the whole thing because when it comes to complex systems,the individual components of the process are interwoven with one another.這一部分解釋了選項(xiàng)(觀點(diǎn))B,為什么只在特定的情況下有效。此部分應(yīng)做泛聽(tīng)。
Q34.An expert’s knowledge about a business system may be incomplete because
A.some details are difficult for workers to explain.
B.workers choose not to mention certain details.
C.details are sometimes altered by workers.
incomplete作為關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)給被印在腦子里,而且應(yīng)該很敏感的預(yù)測(cè)到可能會(huì)有詞性的同意替換(一般形容詞副詞最可能做詞性上的同意替換)。還應(yīng)該觀察到:ABC選項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于workers的。
3.The expert never has complete access to the necessary information.關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)了。而且做了同意替換:incomplete同意替換never has complete access。此時(shí)就要保持警惕,進(jìn)入精聽(tīng)模式,因?yàn)榇鸢负芸炀蜁?huì)出現(xiàn)。…And the situation's complicated even further by the fact that experts are usually not aware of their own ignorance.讀題的時(shí)候應(yīng)該明確選項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于worker的表述,這里還在說(shuō)expert,所以繼續(xù)往后精聽(tīng)。
…The ignorance can take various forms.For instance,a lot of details of the system are invisible to managers…
“The ignorance can take various forms”是這一句群的主題句,接下來(lái)要說(shuō)明的都是”various forms”.For instance表明了句子的邏輯關(guān)系,接下來(lái)是要舉例說(shuō)明。Some may be difficult to describe-learned on the job and well known by workers perhaps,but impossible to describe in a way that's helpful.這里說(shuō)明了選項(xiàng)A是正確選項(xiàng),details很難被描述。而不是workers不去描述,所以B與原文相抵觸(false information),選項(xiàng)C屬于未提及信息(not given information)。
以上就是好上學(xué)為大家?guī)?lái)的雅思聽(tīng)力如何達(dá)到8分以上?,希望能幫助到廣大考生!標(biāo)簽:雅思聽(tīng)力如何達(dá)到8分以上???